1."Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 291-1: Whoever fabricates false information about danger, epidemic, disaster, or police situations and spreads it on information networks or other media, or knowingly spreads such false information on information networks or other media, thereby seriously disrupting social order, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, or public surveillance; if the consequences are serious, the person shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years.
Article 246: Whoever openly insults another person by violence or other methods or fabricates facts to defame another person, if the circumstances are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance, or deprivation of political rights.
2."Public Security Administration Punishments Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 25: Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are minor, the person shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 500 yuan:
(i) spreading rumors, falsely reporting danger, epidemic, police situations, or otherwise deliberately disturbing public order;
(ii) throwing false explosive, poisonous, radioactive, corrosive substances or pathogens of infectious diseases and other dangerous substances to disturb public order;
(iii) threatening to commit arson, explosion, or throw dangerous substances to disturb public order.
Article 42: Whoever commits one of the following acts shall be detained for not more than five days or fined not more than 500 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, the person shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than ten days and may also be fined not more than 500 yuan:
(i) Writing threatening letters or using other methods to threaten the personal safety of others;
(ii) Publicly insulting others or fabricating facts to defame others;
(iii) Fabricating facts to falsely accuse and frame others, attempting to subject them to criminal prosecution or public security administration punishment;
(iv) Threatening, insulting, beating, or retaliating against witnesses and their close relatives;
(v) Repeatedly sending obscene, insulting, threatening, or other messages to interfere with others' normal lives;
(vi) Peeping, taking secret photographs or videos, eavesdropping, or spreading the privacy of others.
3."Civil Code of the People's Republic of China"
Article 1194: Network users and network service providers who infringe upon the civil rights and interests of others through the use of the network shall bear tort liability. Where the laws provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.
Article 1195: Where a network user infringes upon the rights of others through the use of network services, the right holder has the right to notify the network service provider to take necessary measures such as deletion, blocking, or disconnection of links. The notice shall include preliminary evidence of the infringement and the true identity information of the right holder. Upon receiving the notice, the network service provider shall promptly forward the notice to the relevant network user and take necessary measures based on the preliminary evidence of infringement and the type of service; if the network service provider fails to take necessary measures in a timely manner, it shall bear joint and several liability with the network user for the expanded part of the damage. If the right holder causes damage to the network user or network service provider due to an erroneous notice, the right holder shall bear tort liability. Where the laws provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail.
Article 1197: If a network service provider knows or should know that a network user is using its network service to infringe upon the civil rights and interests of others and fails to take necessary measures, it shall bear joint and several liability with the network user.
4."Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China"
Article 12, Paragraph 2: Any individual or organization using the network shall abide by the Constitution and laws, observe public order, respect social ethics, and shall not endanger network security. They shall not use the network to engage in activities that endanger national security, honor, and interests, incite the subversion of state power, overthrow the socialist system, incite national separatism, undermine national unity, promote terrorism, extremism, promote national hatred, discrimination, spread violence, obscenity, and pornography information, fabricate and spread false information to disrupt economic order and social order, as well as infringe upon others' reputation, privacy, intellectual property rights, and other legitimate rights and interests.
Article 47: Network operators shall strengthen the management of information published by their users. Upon discovering information that is prohibited by laws and administrative regulations from being published or transmitted, they shall immediately stop the transmission of such information, take measures such as removal to prevent the spread of information, preserve relevant records, and report to the relevant competent authorities.
5."Administrative Measures for Internet Information Services"
Article 15 ("Nine Prohibitions"): Internet information service providers shall not produce, replicate, publish, or disseminate information containing the following contents:
(i) Opposing the basic principles determined by the Constitution;
(ii) Endangering national security, leaking state secrets, subverting state power, or undermining national unity;
(iii) Harming national honor and interests;
(iv) Inciting national hatred, discrimination, or undermining national unity;
(v) Undermining national religious policies, promoting cults and feudal superstitions;
(vi) Spreading rumors, disrupting social order, or undermining social stability;
(vii) Disseminating obscenity, pornography, gambling, violence, murder, terror, or inciting crime;
(viii) Insulting or slandering others, infringing upon others' legitimate rights and interests;
(ix) Containing other contents prohibited by laws and administrative regulations.
6."Regulations on the Ecological Governance of Network Information Content"
Article 21: Users of network information content services, producers of network information content, and platforms for network information content services shall not use the network and related information technologies to commit illegal acts such as insult, slander, threat, spreading rumors, and infringing upon others' privacy, which damage others' legitimate rights and interests.